Albert Einstein
- Born:
- March 14, 1879, Ulm, Württemberg, German Empire
- Died:
- April 18, 1955, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
- Nationality:
- German (1879–1896), Stateless (1896–1901), Swiss (1901–1955), German (1914–1933), American (1940–1955)
- Profession(s):
- Theoretical Physicist
Early Life and Education
- Born in Ulm, Germany, to Hermann Einstein and Pauline Koch.
- Family moved to Munich shortly after his birth.
- Received early education at Luitpold Gymnasium in Munich.
- Renounced German citizenship at age 16 and was stateless for several years.
- Graduated from the Swiss Federal Polytechnic in Zurich in 1900.
Career and Major Achievements
- Worked at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern from 1902 to 1909.
- Published groundbreaking papers in 1905, often referred to as his "Annus Mirabilis" (Miracle Year). These papers covered:
- Photoelectric effect
- Brownian motion
- Special relativity
- Mass-energy equivalence (E=mc²)
- Became professor at the University of Zurich in 1909.
- Developed the general theory of relativity, published in 1915, which revolutionized our understanding of gravity.
- Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
- Immigrated to the United States in 1933 to escape Nazi Germany and joined the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton.
- Wrote a letter to President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939, alerting him to the potential of nuclear weapons and prompting the establishment of the Manhattan Project.
Notable Works
- "On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" (1905)
- "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" (1905)
- "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" (1905)
- "Investigations on the Theory of the Brownian Movement" (1905)
- "The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity" (1916)
- "Relativity: The Special and the General Theory" (1916)
Legacy and Impact
Albert Einstein's theories of relativity revolutionized physics and our understanding of the universe. His work continues to influence scientific research and technological advancements. He is widely regarded as one of the most influential scientists of all time.
As sahar jozani biography of albert proves, his influence extends far beyond physics.